On a cold day you want to brew a nice hot cup of tea. You pour boiling water (at a temperature of 212oF ) into a mug and drop a tea bag in it. The water cools down in contact with the cold air according to Newton's law of cooling:
The threshold for human beings to feel pain when entering in contact with something hot is around 107oF . How many seconds do you have to wait until you can safely take a sip? Round your answer to the nearest integer.
Instead of 212 and 107 degrees we should be dealing with 180 and 75 respectively. This gives us:
75 = 180 e^(-0.36t) or 5/12 = e^(-0.36t)
Now take the logs of both sides
ln (5/12) = -0.36t giving us t = 2.432 which when multiplied by 60 (converting from minutes to seconds) and rounding gives us 146 seconds
dTdt=κ(A−T)
where T is the body temperature of a passenger, A the water temperature, and κ=0.016 min−1 . Give your answer in minutes and round it to the nearest integer.
This is very much like the last question except it uses a negative ambient temperature so we must increase our figures by two degrees. This gives us:
Now take the logs of both sides
ln (5/12) = -0.36t giving us t = 2.432 which when multiplied by 60 (converting from minutes to seconds) and rounding gives us 146 seconds
On the night of April 14, 1912, the British passenger liner RMS Titanic collided with an iceberg and sank in the North Atlantic Ocean. The ship lacked enough lifeboats to accommodate all of the passengers, and many of them died from hypothermia in the cold sea waters. Hypothermia is the condition in which the temperature of a human body drops below normal operating levels (around 36oC ). When the core body temperature drops below 28oC , the hypothermia is said to have become severe: major organs shut down and eventually the heart stops.
If the water temperature that night was −2oC , how long did it take for passengers of the Titanic to enter severe hypothermia? Recall from lecture that heat transfer is described by Newton's law of cooling:
This is very much like the last question except it uses a negative ambient temperature so we must increase our figures by two degrees. This gives us:
30 = 38 e^(-0.016t)
Now take the logs of both sides
ln (30/38) = -0.016t giving us t = 14.77 rounding gives us 15 minutes.
The next question is on the Malthusian Trap. Part 1 is given a population of 6bn in 2002 and a growth rate of 1.1% what will the population be in 2030.
P(2030) = P(2002)e^(growth rate * (2030-2002)) = 6bne^(0.011*28) = 8.16bn
Part 2 attempts to estiamte the Malthusian Catastrophe but that probably needs a post of its own.
Now take the logs of both sides
ln (30/38) = -0.016t giving us t = 14.77 rounding gives us 15 minutes.
The next question is on the Malthusian Trap. Part 1 is given a population of 6bn in 2002 and a growth rate of 1.1% what will the population be in 2030.
P(2030) = P(2002)e^(growth rate * (2030-2002)) = 6bne^(0.011*28) = 8.16bn
Part 2 attempts to estiamte the Malthusian Catastrophe but that probably needs a post of its own.